FAQs
Hartz® Products
What is your Satisfaction Guarantee & Return Policy?
If at any time you are not satisfied with our products, you may receive a refund of the purchase price by returning the unused portion of the product (in its original packaging) along with the original receipt, your name and return address, and details as to why you were not satisfied with the product to the following address:
- The Hartz Mountain Corporation
- Consumer Satisfaction Division
- 400 Plaza Drive
- Secaucus, NJ 07094 USA
Limit three (3) refunds per household. Please do not mail liquids. Questions? Contact us 1-800- 275-1414 9 AM-5 PM EST.
Can I find my favorite Hartz products outside the U.S.?
Hartz products are distributed in many countries around the world. To find out if Hartz products are available in your area, please send and Email to idowell@hartz.com or call to +44 1270 750004.
Can I purchase products directly from Hartz?
In general, Hartz sells directly to distributors that make all our products available in stores in your area. Please refer to the product page on this website to find a retailer online or in your area.
Why can’t I find my pet’s favorite product? Did you stop making it?
Hartz is always introducing new products to market and from time to time will stop making older versions to make room on store shelves for all the new ones. If you would like to recommend bringing back an “oldie but goodie”, please send us a note describing the product you can no longer find to:
- The Hartz Mountain Corporation
- Consumer Satisfaction Division
- 400 Plaza Drive
- Secaucus, NJ 07094 USA
I have a question for you that you haven’t answered above…
If we haven’t answered your question, please Contact Us.
Dog
Flea & Tick Protection
How important is it to keep within the weight guidelines when using Hartz flea and tick products for dogs?
It is very important to keep within the weight guidelines when using dog topicals. For example, if your dog weighs 20 lbs. and you use drops for a 4-15 lb dog, then you are lowering the dosage and hence lowering the efficacy of theproduct. On the other hand, if you were to use drops for a dog weighing over 60 lbs. on your 20 lb dog, then you are going above the recommended dosage set forth by the EPA for safety.Just like with a medication it is important not to go above or below the recommended dosage.
How does my dog get fleas?
Fleas can be picked up outside in grassy areas, and are most prevalent in areas that are shaded. As your pet walks through these areas, the fleas hop on. Humans can even bring fleas into their home on their clothing, bottom of shoes, etc., and then pass them onto their pet.
I have a puppy that already has fleas. How old does a puppy have to be before I can use one of your flea and tick products?
Puppies must be 12 weeks of age or older and must weigh at least 4lbs.
Can I use your flea & tick products on a pregnant dog?
No, it is not recommended to use our flea and tick products on pregnant dogs, read the product labels for full precautions.
What if my dog drinks some of the bath water during the bath?
If your dog does get a few drinks of the water before you can stop it, this should not likely cause a problem because the bath water will have diluted the shampoo. However, it is possible to have some gastrointestinal upset (vomiting or diarrhea) from the soap in the shampoo usuallywithin 24 to 48 hours of the bath. Contact your veterinarian if the signs persist for longer than 48 hours or if they become worse.
How do you know if a dog is going have an allergic reaction to a topical flea and tick product?
Unfortunately, this is not an easy question to answer. Your dog can have a reaction to the first exposure to a product, to a later application of the product, or never. While reactions to topical drops are rare, they might result in mild skin irritation. It is important to observe your pet for the first 24 hours and contact your veterinarian if you note any abnormal reactions.
I have an elderly dog, is he too old for a topical flea and tick treatments and, if so, what do you recommend I should do now to control his fleas?
Your dog is not too old. In fact, it is important to provide effective flea and tick control for your senior dog’s health and well-being. However, if your dog has been diagnosed with an illness,consult your veterinarian before using any topical flea and tick product.
Should I be concerned about mosquitoes biting my dog?
Yes, mosquitoes are not only a nuisance but they can also carry diseases. Most concerning is their ability to transmit canine heartworms. We recommend the use of Hartz® UltraGuard Pro® or Hartz® UltraGuard Plus™ to kill mosquitoes on contact.
How do I know if my dog has ear mites?
Ear mites are barely visible to the naked eye; however, here are some symptoms to look for:
- Head shaking or carrying the head tilted to one side.
- Excessive scratching at the ears (there may be sores around the ears).
- Dark brown to black crusty discharge in the ears.
- Difficulty hearing – especially if combined with other signs.
- See Ear mites and your dog
How many different types of intestinal worms can attack my dog?
As a dog owner, it’s important to know about the different types of worms and their potential effects on your dog’s health. The most common are roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms and whipworms. See Intestinal parasites and your dog.
How does my dog become infected with intestinal worms?
How your pet becomes infected depends on the type of worm. Puppies may become infected with roundworms while in uterus, thus they are already infected at birth. Otherwise, they can become infected through their mother’s milk. This is also true of hookworms. To become infected withTapeworms dogs need to ingest an infected flea. See Intestinal parasites and your dog.
Grooming
How often can I bathe my dog?
Frequency of bathing is dependent upon the dog’s activity level and coat type. Short haired/ indoor dogs do not require as frequent bathing as long hair/ outside dogs. Dogs with a healthy coat can be bathed every two weeks if necessary.
How can I keep my dog smelling fresh in-between baths?
Sprays are an ideal freshening solution for the in-between bath time. The Hartz Infusions® Freshening Spray and the Conditioning Spray can easily be used to freshen, deodorize and add shine to your dog’s skin and coat. These products are gentle enough for daily use and are fast-drying.
What shampoo is best? How do I know which one to use?
Different dogs have different coat types with different needs. Age, skin and coat condition, activity level, being indoors or outdoors, seasonality, all play a part in the type of shampoo you should use on your dog. Hartz has products that cater to different needs. Here are some examples:
- Groomer’s Best® Puppy shampoo: Extra gentle and tearless. Great for puppies as well as sensitive senior dogs.
- Groomer’s Best® Whitener shampoo: Reduces discoloration and is perfect for use on white or light coats.
What are the benefits of Hartz shampoo ingredients?
There are some ingredients that are well known to be efficacious in keeping your dog’s skin and coat healthy and shiny. Here are some examples of ingredients that can be found in our shampoos and sprays:
- Lemongrass to balance skin oils and promote a healthy coat. Can be found in Infusions Herbal shampoo.
- Lavender for its soothing and overall calming effect. Can be found in Groomer’s Best Puppy shampoo.
- Vitamin A & E to moisturize & promote healthy skin and coat. Can be found in Infusions Moisturizing shampoo.
- Oatmeal & aloe to provide soothing and anti-itch relief. Can be found in Infusions Oatmeal or Groomer’s Best Oatmeal.
What can I do to reduce my pet’s shedding?
Depending on the breed and season, some animals shed more than others. With a healthy diet consisting of Omega 3 & 6 fatty acids and daily grooming, pet shedding can be controlled. The best solution is also the simplest: control shedding by increasing the number of baths you give your pet and by brushing your pet on a daily basis. Use a slicker brush that easily captures fine hair. By brushing daily, you will notice less hair floating around the house, and, less hair will also help in reducing allergens.
If pet’s skin is irritated, can product be used? What would be the best product to use?
If your pet’s skin is truly irritated, with swollen or scabbing skin, you should consult with your Veterinarian before using any shampoo, especially flea & tick shampoos. For skin that is mildly irritated, red, dry or itchy, we recommend using Hartz Infusion®Soothing Oatmeal shampoo with Aloe Beads or the Groomer’s Best® Oatmeal shampoo which contain oatmeal extracts to help soothe dry, irritated itchy skin.
My pet licked the product, is it harmful?
Hartz shampoos have been carefully tested and formulated with very low toxicity to pets and humans; but as with any ingestion of shampoo, it may cause some degree of gastrointestinal upset.
Does the product contain soap/detergent? How does it affect my dog’s skin and coat?
Hartz shampoos have been formulated with overall mildness in mind yet contain necessary detergents to aid in the removal of excess dead skin, dirt and oils. Our gentle pH balanced moisturizing shampoos will not strip your dog’s skin and coat of essential oils.
Can I use the Hartz shampoos on a pregnant animal?
Yes. All Hartz grooming shampoos are gentle enough for use on pregnant animals. However, a veterinarian should be consulted prior to use of any flea & tick shampoo.
At what age can I bathe my pet?
Puppies can be bathed as early as two weeks old if needed. Getting puppies accustomed to bathing does help avoid struggles later on. Keep in mind, puppies chill easily and should be dried gently and thoroughly after bathing.
Where can I locate product?
Hartz products are sold in all major retail outlets. Our product can be found in large mass stores such as Wal-Mart and Kmart,grocery stores, drug stores, pet specialty retailers and more.
Where are Hartz® shampoos made?
Hartz shampoos and sprays are all made in the USA.
Toys
How do you ensure the safety of your toys?
Toy safety is ensured at the very earliest stage of the product development process, when the toy is first conceived and designed. Hartz toy designers have spent many years designing toys for children, and as such have been trained to design toys with safety in mind. All Hartz on-staff toy designers are well versed in avoiding the safety hazards that are often common between children and pets. Below are common health concerns surrounding toys and steps Hartz has taken to make sure they are not found in our toys:
Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility). Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for phthalate content.
Lead: Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for lead content.
How can you be sure there is no lead in your toys?
Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for lead content.
What are phthalates, do your toys contain them?
Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility). Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for phthalate content.
Where are Hartz® toys made?
Like most toys in the industry, Hartz produces many of its toys and accessories in China. Hartz has a long history of producing high quality pet toys and as such works with trusted vendors, most of whom we have worked with for many years. We have a Hartz office based in Shanghai China, staffed by Hartz managers whose role is to provide supervision of our vendors in China and ensure that our products are within our specifications and of the highest quality. Our Quality Control team inspects all finished goods prior to shipping.
What happens if a piece of a product is ingested?
It depends on the size of the piece and the size of the pet. Pets can easily swallow something that would never make it through their entire system. If you suspect your pet may have ingested a piece of a toy it is best to consult your veterinarian.
Why does label say to “supervise pet”?
Although our toys are designed with your animal in mind and constructed with high standards each dog is an individual – even dogs of similar size and breed will have very different play patterns. For example, a plush toy in the mouth of a tough chewer could be demolished in a matter of minutes. Play behaviors also change as your dog adapts to each individual toy, so it is important to supervise your pet during play, no matter how comfortable your dog is with the toy. Nearly any toy can pose a hazard in one way or another, so you must monitor your dog’s interaction with every toy. Over time, you will learn which toys your dog can handle without close supervision, which toys are alright only for a short time, and with which toys your pet gets very rough (these should be removed).
How do I choose the right toy for my dog?
There are many different toys available making it difficult to choose the right toy for your dog. First, think about what you want the toy to do. Some toys are good for voracious chewers but would be too tough for a mild chewer. Some toys should never be given unless you are there to supervise your dog (plush toys, etc.). Even though many toys come with suggestion for use – above all, you know your dog’s play habits. If you think a toy will not hold up to your dog’s rigorous play, then choose another.
Toys that encourage chewing (rubber, nylon, etc.) are good to alleviate boredom. For durable and entertaining chew toys try our exclusive FlexaFoam® toys which come in a variety of shapes, colors and characters and are constructed of our patented foam filled latex for a safe and long lasting chewing experience.
Interactive toss & retrieve toys or tug toys are great for “play time” and encourage exercise (balls, Frisbees, rope toys, etc.). Our new Stunt Pilot™ slingshot toys are interactive plush characters with motion activated sounds that are sure to get your whole family involved in playtime! For added durability, also try our Tuff Stuff line which offers a variety of interactive toys such as retrievers, tugs, and flyers for tough chewers and outdoor play.
Plush toys are also a great a soft chew toy as well as a comfort toy for your dog while your away. Hartz Natures Collection Quackers® are realistic plush toys that come in a variety of designs and include interactive squeakers that sound just like real birds.
How do I determine the proper size toy for my dog?
One size does not fit all. Toys should be appropriate for your dog’s size. If a toy is too big, your dog will have trouble handling it with their mouth or paws. Toys that are too small could be easily swallowed, lodged in your pet’s throat, or quickly broken. Ideally, your dog should be able to grasp the toy in their paws and still be able to easily chew on it. If the toy is a ball or other “fetch” type toy then it should be large enough for your dog to pick it up in their mouth and not swallow it. A good rule of thumb – if your dog can fit the entire toy in its mouth then it is too small.
My dog has sensitive gums, what type of toys should I give her?
Dogs with sensitive gums need to chew too! Select toys that are softer and won’t damage the gums such as a plush toy. If your dog is a tough chewer but displays signs of sensitive gums try a soft toy with a more durable exterior. Our exclusive Flexa Foam® line is also great for dogs with sensitive gums. They are constructed with a soft latex exterior combined with a foam filled interior which provides a soft texture as well as added durability.
What age should my pet be to be given a toy?
Toys can be given to pets as soon as they show interest in playing (usually about 4-6 weeks old) and toys can help build coordination and motor skills in young pets. Be sure to choose age and size appropriate toys. Puppies have smaller, sharp teeth that could fracture more easily so softer chew toys are better for them. Because puppies grow so quickly, toys that were correctly sized at 6 weeks may be too small for the same puppy at 8 weeks old.
Is it okay if children play with dog and cat toys?
Hartz toys are designed specifically for cats and dogs and are not approved for use by children. We do have toys designed specifically for interaction; however young children should always be supervised during playtime with pets.
Can squeakers be purchased separately?
No, squeakers may not be purchased separately from Hartz. It is not advised to replace squeakers once your dog has removed the squeaker from the toy. It is important to frequently inspect your dog’s toys for excessive wear and tear. Be sure to replace the toy if excessive wear or damage occurs.
Why does my dog need toys?
Dogs, like children, benefit from playing with toys. Toys satisfy your dog’s chewing needs, give your dog safe ways to explore, encourage exercise, relieve boredom, discourage destructive behavior, and provide comfort when you are away. A dog busy with a toy is not chewing on your couch or digging in the yard.
How do I care for my dogs toys?
Some dog toys can be easily cleaned while others should be tossed. Toss any of the following: toys that have missing parts or dangling bits (stuffed animal eyes, etc), have been heavily chewed (the toy is much smaller than it was initially), will not come clean, has a foul odor. Toys that can be cleaned: plastic/rubber/hard toys (clean by hand with soap and water or in the dishwasher with no detergent); rope toys (wet the toy and microwave it for one minute or put in dishwasher with no soap); stuffed animals (try throwing these toys in the washing machine but check for loose parts when finished).
My dogs rips apart every stuffed toy I bring home, what can I do?
Many times dogs play with stuffed animals until they successfully remove the squeaker,which results in a destroyed toy. Next time you bring a new stuffed toy home try sleeping with the toy or letting your child sleep with the toy before giving it to your dog. Once a familiar scent is on the toy it will become more like a comfort toy for your dog and therefore less likely to be torn apart. Another option is buying toys with a more durable exterior such as our Hartz® Tuff Stuff® toys which are made of an ultra-durable ballistic nylon shell.
Rawhide
How often should I feed my dog rawhide?
Low in fat and high in protein, rawhide is low calorie chew, that can be utilized daily. Rawhide is a safe, chewable treat that is made up of:
- 75-90% protein
- 0.1-0.5% fat
- 1-5% fiber
- <13%>
What is rawhide?
Rawhide is the inner layer of the hide of cattle.
Is rawhide Digestible?
Rawhide is as digestible as dog food, however, not a nutritiously complete food.
How can chewing rawhide help my dog?
Chewing is a natural behavior for dogs and they chew for several reasons throughout their life. Puppies chew in order to ease tension, soothe their gums, and to loosen puppy teeth to make way for their new teeth. Adult dogs chew to help maintain their jaw muscles and to ease boredom when left alone during the day. Chewing on rawhide is a wonderful way to keep your dog’s teeth clean and alleviate boredom.
How many rawhide treats can I give my dog?
Rawhide is naturally high in protein and low in fat so you can give as many rawhide treats as you like in one day. If you give a rawhide bone to help keep your dog occupied, be sure it is large enough to last the time you are away (or give two bones). If you find your dog consuming the rawhide treat too quickly, it may be time to step up to the next size or try a different shape to encourage longer chewing.
What is the youngest age that a dog can be given rawhide?
Puppies love to chew and chewing on rawhide helps channel their energy, satisfy their need to chew, give them a “safe” article to chew, instead of your shoes, and promote healthy teeth. Once your puppy shows interest in chewing you may give a rawhide treat (usually 8-10 weeks old). Always monitor your puppy while chewing.
Where can I find Hartz® rawhide products?
www.hartz.com
What is DentaShield®?
DentaShield® is another name for, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, the same ingredient used in one of the leading human toothpaste brands. This ingredient was developed by researchers at Indiana University’s School of Dentistry, the same researchers who developed fluoride.
- DentaShield® blocks the formation of tartar.
- Chewing rawhide breaks down already existing plaque and tartar.
- Chewing rawhide helps freshen your dog’s breath.
- Rawhide with DentaShield® is scientifically proven to reduce tartar up to 83%*.
* Studies on file at the Hartz Mountain Corporation
Sizing Chart
| Dog Size | Bone Size | Dog Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Small | 2 – 5″ | Under – 20lbs. |
| Medium | 6 – 7″ | 20- 40lbs. |
| Large | 8″+ | Over – 40lbs |
| Chips & Munchy | Any size dog | n/a |
Do you test for salmonella?
Salmonella testing is completed on all finished good product batches to assure product safety. Hartz®’s attention to quality is evident in the way our Chicken Chips products are produced. Hartz® has employed stringent production control processes to assure that our product is high quality, safe and wholesome for your dog.
What do I do if my pet swallows a piece of the rawhide?
A swallowed piece of rawhide should be digested just like your dog’s regular food and should cause no problems, however, if you note any vomiting or other abnormal behavior you should consult your veterinarian.
What do I do if my pet swallows a complete chip/chew (is it digestible or can it cause an obstruction)?
A swallowed chip should be digested just like your dog’s regular food and cause no problems, however, if you note any vomiting or other abnormal behavior you should consult your veterinarian.
Is rawhide carpet safe?
Generally speaking, avoid having your dog chew rawhide on light colored carpets, materials and furniture.
What is the shelf life or expiration date?
3 years
Why do some products say “wash hands after handling product”?
As a matter of hygiene, it is always good practice to wash your hands after handling rawhide.
How many calories per ounce are in rawhide?
Natural rawhide is 90 calories per ounce.
Natural Bones
When splintering occurs what should I do with the bone?
Remove it from the dog’s possession and replace with a new one.
What are the natural bones smoked with?
An all-natural smoked flavor
What is used to preserve the bones? Are the bones all natural?
No preservatives are used. The bones are all natural.
Where are your natural bones sourced and manufactured?
Products are sourced from the USA and manufactured in the USA as well.
Do your natural bones stain carpets?
This is a natural product with a natural smoked process. We recommend that you use this product on an easy to clean surface. Avoid light colored carpets, material and furniture.
How are the natural bones made and are they safe for my dog?
The bones are dipped in a natural smoke flavor and then oven roasted at very high temperatures. They are safe and digestible but, as with any chew article, choose the correct size for your dog’s size and chewing habits, and always monitor your dog while chewing a natural bone.
Sizing Chart
| Dog Size | Bone Size | Type of Natural Bone |
|---|---|---|
| Small (< 20 lbs.) | 3 – 5″ | Smokey Pork Bone |
| Med/Large (20-40lbs.) | 6 – 7″ | Ribeye, Hambone |
| Large (40+lbs.) | 8″+ | Meaty Knuckle, Mammoth Bone, Beef Ribs |
Edible Bones
Do your edible bones contain plastic?
No our edible bones are made of 100% edible ingredients.
What are products like Denti-Chew, Dental Chew, Nutri-Chew, Chew Treats made of? Are they edible?
All of our edible bones contain 100% edible ingredients.
Can I give my puppy edible bones?
Edible bones are harder than rawhide and are not recommended for your puppy’s smaller teeth. However, when your puppy gets his adult teeth (about 6 months) he can have edible bones.
How many Edible bones can I give my dog per day?
You may give as many edible bones as you wish but remember that they are not calorie-free. Keep an eye on your dog’s weight and adjust his food if he begins to become too heavy.
Will your Edible Bones stain my carpet?
As with all treats, supervise your dog when giving this treat. We recommend that you use these products on easy to clean surfaces. Avoid light colored carpets, material and furniture.
Sizing Chart
| Dog Size | Nutri-Fresh Chew™ with Odorshield™ Crystals | Dentist’s Best with Dentashield™ Chew Treats -Scientifically Proven to Block Tartar | Dental Chew™ with Easy Grip Design™ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Small (Under 20lbs.) | Small | Small | Small |
| Med/Large (20-40lbs.) | Medium/Large | Medium | Medium |
| Large (40+lbs.) | Medium/Large | Large | Large |
Treats
Pig ears
How are they made?
Hartz® Pig Ears are cut by Hand and Oven-baked with a Natural Smoked Flavor.
Do you test for Salmonella?
Salmonella testing is completed on all finished good product batches to assure product safety. Hartz’s attention to quality is evident in the way our products are produced. Hartz® has employed stringent production control processes to assure that our product is high quality, safe and wholesome for your dog.
What is their nutritional value – Fat content?
Fat content can vary as pig ears are a natural product. Typical fat content is around 30%.
Can Pig Ears stain my carpet?
We recommend that pig ears are given to your dog on an easy to clean surface. Avoid light colored carpets, material and furniture.
Why do some products say “wash hands after handling product”?
This is a statement we no longer have on our products; however, it was listed in the past to recommend to the consumer to be mindful of personal hygiene after handling a natural chew product.
Where can I find Hartz® Pig Ears?
Hartz® Pig Ears are sold in most major grocery and mass merchant retailers.
How Does Dentashield® work?
The DentaShield® ingredient coats your dog’s teeth creating a barrier
The barrier BLOCKS new tartar formation
Leaving your dog with cleaner teeth, longer
What is DentaShield®?
DentaShield® is another name for the ingredient, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, the same ingredient used in one of the leading human toothpaste brands. This ingredient was developed by researchers at Indiana University’s School of Dentistry.
What is the recommended serving of this dental biscuit and is it possible for my pet to have too many?
To get the maximum dental benefit we recommend two biscuits twice daily. There is no danger in giving your dog more than the recommended daily amount, however, this is a treat and is only intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding.
What are the calories per treat?
Calories Per Treat
| Size | Calories Per Biscuit |
|---|---|
| Small Biscuit | 35 |
| Medium Biscuit | 50 |
| Large Biscuit | 170 |
What size biscuit should I purchase for my dog?
Sizing Chart
| Size | Weight Range of Dog |
|---|---|
| Small Biscuit | 20lb. and under |
| Medium Biscuit | 20-50 lbs. |
| Large Biscuit | 50 lbs and over |
If your dog’s weight is at the higher end of any weight range, consider his chewing habits when choosing a size. For more aggressive chewers, you would want to pick the larger biscuit as your option.
At What age is it safe for me to give my puppy this treat?
As long as your puppy is on solid foods it is safe for them to have a biscuit. Please keep in mind, this is a treat and is only intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding and should not be the sole source of the puppy’s diet.
Training Products
How long does it take to housebreak a puppy?
Typically, a puppy can only hold its waste for an hour for each month of age (i.e. a 3 month old puppy has to relieve itself every 3 hours). Training takes consistency and patience. Whether you are crate training, paper training, or both, puppies may not be fully housebroken until they are 8-12 months of age.*
What are the main uses for Hartz training pads?
Hartz training pads can be used to protect your home from soiling, to housebreak your puppy, to provide a comfortable environment for your dog to relieve itself when you are away from home, as area for indoor dogs to relieve themselves and as a convenient place for your pet to relieve itself when he refuses to go outside.
How do I use training pads for housebreaking?
Place the pad colored plastic side down. Let the dog or puppy smell the pad and get used to it. Hartz® Maximum Protection pads have been treated with a special grass scent to attract your puppy to the pad. If your pet relieves itself somewhere else, bring it back to the pad immediately. Continue bringing your dog or puppy back to the pad and reward him with treats and praise when he uses the pad to reinforce that this is the place to soil. Once your pet has learned to relieve itself on the pad, bring the pads gradually closer to the door and finally outdoors to complete the housebreaking process.
My dog has eaten the puppy pad-what now?
A small amount in a larger puppy most likely won’t cause serious issues but a smaller puppy ingesting some could cause problems. If you note any vomiting or abnormal behavior, consult your veterinarian.
What do I do if my dog or puppy has an accident in the house?
It is important not to become angry or frustrated as this may confuse the dog or cause it to secretly soil areas when you are not around. Continue with consistent training and thoroughly clean soiled surfaces with a strong product designed to remove tough stains and odors rather than cover them up, such as the Hartz® Professional Strength Stain & Odor Remover.
What makes Hartz® Professional Strength Stain & Odor Remover different from other stain and odor removers?
Hartz scientists designed this special formula to remove pet feces, urine and blood stains from multiple surfaces and yet be gentle on fabrics. Safe to use on carpet, upholstery, clothing, tile, linoleum, plastic, pet bedding and many other surfaces.
Cats
Flea & Tick Protection
How do you know if a cat is going have an allergic reaction to a topical flea and tick product?
Unfortunately, this is not an easy question to answer. Your cat can have a reaction to the first exposure to a product, to a later application of the product, or never. While reactions to topical drops are rare, they might result in mild skin irritation. It is important to observe your pet for the first 24 hours and contact your veterinarian if you note any abnormal reactions.
Can an indoor cat get fleas?
Yes, indoor cats can also get fleas. It is very easy for a flea to hitch a ride on your clothing, bottom of shoes, or come in with your dog after he’s been out playing. Therefore, it is important to use preventative products such as Hartz¨ UltraGuard Pro¨ Flea & Tick Drops for Cats even if you have an indoor cat.
I have a young kitten that already has fleas. How old does a kitten have to be before I can use one of your flea and tick products?
Kittens must be at least 12 weeks old in order to use any of our flea and tick products.
I have a 16 year old cat, is she too old for topical flea and tick treatments and, if so, what do you recommend I should do now to control her fleas?
We do not recommend using Hartz® UltraGuard™ Flea & Tick products on aged cats without the consultation of a veterinarian. Please work with your vet so they can determine which product is best to use on your cat.
You can, however treat your home environment with Hartz® UltraGuard Plus™ Flea & Tick Home Spray to kill fleas that are around your home and prevent new ones from developing. Additionally, vacuuming will help to reduce flea eggs that develop into adult fleas.
If your cat goes outdoors, you can treat your yard with Hartz® UltraGuard™ Yard Spray. This will provide you with an additional layer of protection for your cat. Be sure all products have dried before you allow your cat back into the area.
What if my cat licks or grooms itself after I’ve applied any flea and tick product?
It is important to apply the product in a location that your cat cannot easily reach while grooming. It is also recommended that you prevent your cat from grooming immediately after product application. If your cat does happen to groom itself, you may see some drooling or foaming at the mouth due to the product taste. If these signs continue or become more severe, contact your veterinarian.
What if my cat drinks some of the bath water during the bath?
If your cat does get a few drinks of the water before you can stop it, this should not likely cause a problem because the bath water will have diluted the shampoo. However, it is possible to have some gastrointestinal upset (vomiting or diarrhea) from the soap in the shampoo usually within 24 to 48 hours of the bath. Contact your veterinarian if the signs persist for longer than 48 hours or if they become worse.
Can I use your flea and tick products on a pregnant cat?
No, it is not recommended to use our flea and tick products on pregnant cats; read the product labels for full precautions.
Should I be concerned about mosquitoes biting my cat?
Yes, mosquitoes are not only a nuisance but they can also carry diseases. Most concerning is their ability to transmit feline heartworms. Hartz recommends the use of Hartz® UltraGuard Pro® or Hartz® UltraGuard Plus™ to kill and repel mosquitoes on contact.
How do I know if my cat has ear mites?
Ear mites are barely visible to the naked eye; however, here are some symptoms to look for:
- Head shaking or carrying the head tilted to one side.
- Excessive scratching at the ears (there may be sores around the ears).
- Dark brown to black crusty discharge in the ears.
- Difficulty hearing – especially if combined with other signs.
How many different types of intestinal worms can attack my cat?
As a cat owner, it’s important to know about the different types of worms and their potential effects on your cat’s health. The most common are roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms and whipworms. See Intestinal parasites and your cat
How does my cat become infected with intestinal worms?
How your pet becomes infected depends on the type of worm. Kittens may become infected with roundworms while in uterus, thus they are already infected at birth. Otherwise, they can become infected through their mother’s milk. This is also true of hookworms. To become infected with Tapeworms cats need to ingest an infected flea. See Intestinal parasites and your cat
Grooming
How often can I bathe my cat?
Cats tend to groom themselves and therefore do not require to be bathed as often as dogs. Frequency of bathing is dependent on the cat’s activity level and whether it is an indoor or outdoor cat. Cats should not be bathed more than once a month.
What can I do to reduce my pet’s shedding?
Depending on the breed and season, some animals shed more than others. With a healthy diet consisting of Omega 3 & 6 fatty acids and daily grooming, pet shedding can be controlled. The best solution is also the simplest: control shedding by increasing the number of baths you give your pet and by brushing your pet on a daily basis. Use a slicker brush that easily captures fine hair. By brushing daily, you will notice less hair floating around the house, and, less hair will also help in reducing allergens.
My pet licked the product, is it harmful?
Hartz shampoos have been carefully tested and formulated with very low toxicity to pets and humans; but as with any ingestion of shampoo, it may cause some degree of gastrointestinal upset.
Can I use the Hartz shampoos on a pregnant animal?
Yes. All Hartz grooming shampoos are gentle enough for use on pregnant animals. However, a veterinarian should be consulted prior to use of any flea & tick shampoo.
Where can I locate product?
Hartz products are sold in all major retail outlets. Our product can be found in large mass stores such as Wal-Mart and Kmart, grocery stores, drug stores, pet specialty retailers and more.
Where are Hartz¨ shampoos made?
Hartz shampoos and sprays are all made in the USA.
Toys
Why does my cat need toys?
Cats are ultimate hunters and toys help alleviate boredom in your cat and help direct instinctive prey-chasing behaviors into a manner that is more acceptable for indoor playtime. Engaging in playful activities with your cat also provides him with an opportunity for exercise, of which most indoor cats are in desperate need, as well as presents the opportunity for you to bond with your pet.
Is it okay if children play with dog and cat toys?
Hartz toys are designed specifically for cats and dogs and are not approved for use by children. We do have toys designed specifically for interaction; however young children should always be supervised during playtime with pets.
What are the best toys for my cat?
Adding toys to your cat’s environment, you provide the necessary stimulation to keep them physically active and mentally engaged. Hartz toys are developed with a deep understanding of feline play behavior to help your cat get the most out of playtime! The perfect play environment includes:
- Hunt Toys – Often referred to as natures perfect predators, cats are natural born hunters who posses highly developed, innate hunting skills. Toys that stimulate this predatory instinct allow them to connect to their natural role as predators, creating a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. Catnip filled plush toys such as Hartz® Jungle Cats™ or our classic Mini Mice™ toys are perfect to stimulate this play behavior.
- Swat & Chase Toys – Cats are naturally driven to swat and use their claws to attack, defend and manipulate objects in their environment. Swat and chase toys allow cats to build and maintain coordination and help facilitate exercise. Bizzy balls, like Hartz® Midnight Crazies™ and play centers like the Hartz® Scrunch & Punch™ are perfect toys to satisfy your cats desire to swat and chase.
- Interactive Toys– Sharing in playtime not only helps create a strong bond between you and your feline friend, but your involvement makes play more dynamic and challenging for cats, fully stimulating their senses to keep them active and healthy. Hartz® Feather Ball & Teaser™ and Gone Fishin’® are a few of the interactive toys Hartz offers to tease your kitty and get involved in playtime.
How do you ensure the safety of your toys?
Toy safety is ensured at the very earliest stage of the product development process, when the toy is first conceived and designed. Hartz toy designers have spent many years designing toys for children, and as such have been trained to design toys with safety in mind. All Hartz on-staff toy designers are well versed in avoiding the safety hazards that are often common between children and pets. Below are common health concerns surrounding toys and steps Hartz has taken to make sure they are not found in our toys:
- Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility). Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for phthalate content.
- Lead: Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for lead content.
How can you be sure there is no lead in your toys?
Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for lead content.
What are phthalates, do your toys contain them?
Phthalates, or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility). Our toys are tested at certified, independent testing facilities to assure that the toy meets government safety guidelines for phthalate content.
Where are Hartz® toys made?
Like most toys in the industry, Hartz produces many of its toys and accessories in China. Hartz has a long history of producing high quality pet toys and as such works with trusted vendors, most of whom we have worked with for many years. We have a Hartz office based in Shanghai China, staffed by Hartz managers whose role is to provide supervision of our vendors in China and ensure that our products are within our specifications and of the highest quality. Our Quality Control team inspects all finished goods prior to shipping.
What happens if a piece of a product is ingested?
It depends on the size of the piece and the size of the pet. Pets can easily swallow something that would never make it through their entire system. If you suspect your pet may have ingested a piece of a toy it is best to consult your veterinarian.
Why does label say to “supervise pet”?
Although our toys are designed with your animal in mind and constructed with high standards each pet is an individual – even pet of similar size and breed will have very different play patterns. For example, a plush toy in the mouth of a tough chewer could be demolished in a matter of minutes. Play behaviors also change as your dog adapts to each individual toy, so it is important to supervise your pet during play, no matter how comfortable your dog is with the toy. Nearly any toy can pose a hazard in one way or another, so you must monitor your pet’s interaction with every toy. Over time, you will learn which toys your pet can handle without close supervision, which toys are alright only for a short time, and with which toys your pet gets very rough (these should be removed).
Treats
How Does Dentashield® work?
- The DentaShield® ingredient coats your cat’s teeth creating a barrier
- The barrier BLOCKS new tartar formation
- Leaving your cat with cleaner teeth, longer
What is DentaShield®?
DentaShield® is another name for the ingredient, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, the same ingredient used in one of the leading human toothpaste brands. This ingredient was developed by researchers at Indiana University’s School of Dentistry.
What is recommended serving of this dental treat and is it possible for my pet to have too many?
To get the maximum dental benefit we recommend five treats twice daily. There is no danger in giving your cat more than the recommended daily amount, however, this is a treat and is only intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding.
What are the calories per treat?
1.1 Calories per treat
At What age is it safe for me to give my kitten this treat?
As long as your kitten is on solid foods it is safe for them to have a treat. Please keep in mind, this is a treat and is only intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding and should not be the sole source of their diet.
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Stain & Odor
How does Hartz® NodorTM Cat Litter Spray work?
Hartz® NodorTM Cat Litter Spray uses breakthrough encapsulating technology to surround cat urine odor molecules and permanently stop them from causing odor.
How does Hartz® NodorTM Cat Litter Spray work?
Hartz® NodorTM Cat Litter Spray was specifically designed to eliminate cat urine odors on and around the litter box. However, it is also effective in eliminating odors from other surfaces such as wood, carpet and upholstery. Be sure to test for colorfastness before using on these surfaces.
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Small Animals
What is the difference between Hartz Bonanza™ and Hartz Original Recipe™?
Hartz Bonanza™ Diet is a gourmet diet, with a large variety of vitamin fortified ingredients that provide your pet with complete nutrition. Hartz Original RecipeTM is blend of palatable ingredients that are nutritionally balanced.
I have just bought a new diet. How do I switch my pet to the new diet?
For best results when introducing your pet to a new food, begin with a mixture of old and new food. Gradually increase the amount of new food for 7-10 days. Provide fresh food and water daily in clean bowls.
I can’t find my usual food. Should I give my small animal a diet for another type of small animal or a universal diet?
Hartz Diets have been formulated to meet the unique nutritional needs of each species. If you feed your pet a diet that is designed for another type of small animal, it may lead to some deficiencies in diet which may be detrimental to your pet’s health. For example, guinea pigs have a dietary requirement for vitamin C where pet rabbits, hamsters and gerbils don’t. Feeding a pet rabbit diet or hamster/gerbil diet to guinea pigs will not provide the needed vitamin C.
What are the Nutri-Pellets™ in VitaMix?
Hartz Nutri-Pellets™ are unique rice-based pellets that are highly palatable, easy to digest and provide consistent nutrition in every bite, making Hartz VitaMixTM more nutritious than seed-only diets.
What is different in Hartz VitaMix™ as compared to more traditional diets?
Hartz VitaMix™ with Nutri-Pellets™ is a highly palatable, easy to digest, rice-based formula that provides consistent nutrition in every bite.
Should I add hay to my pet rabbit’s diet?
Timothy Hay should be a part of the diet for pet rabbits and guinea pigs as they require a high fiber diet. Alfalfa Hay is also good but should be fed in small quantities since too much may cause calcium build up in the urine.
I use Hartz products for my pet. Do I still need to add vitamin supplements?
Hartz diets are formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of your pets. Vitamin supplements are not necessary.
I use Hartz products for my pet but I have read that fresh products are important for them. Should I give my pet fresh fruits or vegetables in addition to Hartz diet?
Fresh fruits and vegetables are a natural source of energy, minerals, and fiber. Adding fruits and vegetables in minor portions after the main food is eaten is a good way to add variety to your pet’s diet.
I use Hartz products for my pet but I have read that fresh products are important for them. Should I give my pet fresh fruits or vegetables in addition to Hartz diet?
Adding variety to your pet’s diet is a great way to help maintain good health and overall well-being.
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Birds
What is the difference between Hartz Bonanza™ and Hartz Original Recipe™?
Hartz Bonanza™ Diet is a gourmet diet, with a large variety of vitamin fortified ingredients that provide your pet with complete nutrition. Hartz Original Recipe™ is blend of palatable ingredients that are nutritionally balanced.
I have just bought a new diet. How do I switch my pet to the new diet?
For best results when introducing your pet to a new food, begin with a mixture of old and new food. Gradually increase the amount of new food for 7-10 days. Provide fresh food and water daily in clean bowls.
I can’t find my usual food. Can I give my bird a diet for another type of bird or a Hartz Universal Diet™?
Hartz diets have been formulated to meet the unique nutritional needs of each species. If you feed your bird a diet that is designed for another type of bird it may lead to some deficiencies in diet which may be detrimental to your pet’s health. You may also find that some ingredients may not be eaten. For Parakeets and Cockatiels we can recommend Hartz Universal Diet™ for medium birds, a nutritionally balanced formula for multiple medium birds. For Canaries and Finches we can recommend Hartz Universal Diet™ for small birds, a nutritionally balanced formula for multiple small birds.
What are the Nutri-Pellets™ in VitaMix?
Hartz Nutri-Pellets™ are unique rice-based pellets that are highly palatable, easy to digest and provide consistent nutrition in every bite, making Hartz VitaMix™ more nutritious than seed-only diets.
What is different in Hartz VitaMix™ as compared to more traditional diets?
Hartz VitaMix™ with Nutri-Pellets™ is a highly palatable, easy to digest, rice-based formula that provides consistent nutrition in every bite.
Why is Hartz VitaMix™ more nutritious than seed only diets?
Birds love seeds but they often eat only the seeds they like the best. This may lead to dietary deficiencies which may be detrimental to your bird’s health. Hartz Vitamix™ with Nutri-Pellets™ provides complete nutrition to ensure that your pet gets all the nutrients it needs. Hartz VitaMix™ is also vitamin-fortified for your bird’s health and well-being.
I use Hartz products for my pet. Do I still need to add vitamin supplements?
Hartz diets are formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of your pets. Vitamin supplements are not necessary.
I use Hartz products for my pet but I have read that fresh products are important for them. Should I give my pet fresh fruits or vegetables in addition to Hartz diet?
Fresh fruits and vegetables are a natural source of energy, minerals, and fiber. Adding fruits and vegetables in minor portions after the main food is eaten is a good way to add variety to your pet’s diet.
I use Hartz products for my pet but I have read that fresh products are important for them. Should I give my pet fresh fruits or vegetables in addition to Hartz diet?
Adding variety to your pet’s diet is a great way to help maintain good health and overall well-being.
Fish & Reptiles
General
What are the expiration dates?
All Wardley products are formulated with a two year shelf life when stored in a cool dry place.
Where can I find product?
Wardley products are sold across the country in fine retailers that carry pet supplies including Wal-Mart, PetCo, K-Mart and most major grocery store chains.
How often should I feed my fish?
Fish should be fed 2-3 times a day in quantities small enough for them to consume in a few minutes. Do not overfeed fish, as this may affect water quality and the health of fish.
Explain conversions and dosing for water treatments.
Wardley water treatment products generally include two sets of instructions; the instructions to use when setting up a new tank and the maintenance instructions. You should refer to the instructions that are appropriate for your needs. Also keep in mind that some water conditions may be resistant to treatment and require more than one dose. Test your water frequently to ensure that you are not making drastic changes to the tank environment which would be detrimental to your fish.
Can weekend feeders be broken in half and used accordingly?
Weekend feeders are designed to be used whole. One shell will feed about 12 average sized fish for three days. Vacation feeders will feed roughly the same number of fish for up to 10 days. You should remove any portion of the feeder that has not been eaten before resuming your normal feeding routine.
Can water treatments be used in marine tank?
Wardley water treatments are formulated for freshwater tanks.
What are the ingredients?
The ingredients for all of our food products are prominently displayed on the back of each package immediately after the guaranteed analysis. Wardley takes pride in using high-quality marine protein, plant protein and other ingredients and Wardley does not use artificial colors.
What kinds of fish get along?
When adding new fish to your aquarium, go slowly and be sure that the fish you choose are compatible to each other and can handle the same general water conditions. If you need specific recommendations, visit the Wardley® Fish Finder™ at www.hartz.com
How can a fish food help maintain clean water?
Too much protein in a fish food can result in increase fish waste which will in turn lead to reduced water quality. The protein to fat ratio in Wardley supports normal growth and helps to maintain clean water.
Tank Setup
How do I safely clean an aquarium before setting it up?
If you purchased a new aquarium, simply rinsing it out with water will be enough.
Should I rinse my gravel before adding it to the aquarium?
Yes, you should remove the gravel from the bag and place it in a clean bucket. Run water over the gravel to remove any dust that may be on it.
How many hours do I run the hood light?
Generally speaking, you want to replicate a natural day and night time cycle. Turn on the light when you get up in the morning and turn off the light in the late evening.
How often should I clean my aquarium?
This depends on the size and type of aquarium, the filtration, and the number of fish that are kept. For most aquariums, 10% water change, once a week is ideal.
How often should I test my aquarium water?
For all aquariums, we recommend testing every week, or at least every two weeks.
What temperature should I maintain in my aquarium?
Most freshwater tropical and marine aquariums should be between 74 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperate (cold-water) freshwater aquariums, such as those used for goldfish should be kept at 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
After a water change, my fish is gasping and/or breathing heavily?
This can sometime be attributed to chlorine or chloramine in tap water. Chlorine stresses fish by attacking their gills, causing them to gasp and breathe heavily and can affect the entire aquarium system. Our Wardley® Safe2O® is a one-step solution that takes care of chlorine and chloramines, neutralizing these harmful chemicals, in addition to neutralizing ammonia and regulating pH to a 7.0.
I have high ammonia levels in my tank, what should I do?
High ammonia levels can sometimes be caused by a decrease in your aquarium’s bacteria population. These bacteria are necessary to the nitrogen cycle, in which ammonia is broken down. High ammonia levels usually occur with new systems where too many fish are added before a healthy bacteria colony is established. However, this can also happen with established aquariums. Our Wardley® Safe2O® is a one-step solution that takes care of chlorine and chloramines, neutralizing these harmful chemicals, in addition to neutralizing ammonia and regulating pH to a 7.0.
What Is the Nitrogen Cycle?
The Nitrogen Cycle is a biological process that converts ammonia (from fish waste, and uneaten food) into nitrogen compounds, through the establishment of bacterial colonies.
Bacteria do this conversion for us, converting ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (N02-) and nitrite to nitrate (NO3-). In aquariums, the nitrogen cycle is very important as ammonia levels can reach toxic levels in a matter of hours.
Bacteria do this conversion for us, converting ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (N02-) and nitrite to nitrate (NO3-). In aquariums, the nitrogen cycle is very important as ammonia levels can reach toxic levels in a matter of hours.
How do I know when the Nitrogen Cycle is complete?
Your tank is fully cycled once nitrates are being produced and the ammonia and nitrite levels are zero. It is best to buy a test kit, such as our Wardley® Jr. ph Test Kit and measure the levels to ensure the Nitrogen Cycle is complete The cycling process normally takes 4-6 weeks. For tanks with temperatures below 70F, it can take longer. It is best to avoid adding more fish until after the tank has fully cycled.
Reptile
Are turtle products safe for all amphibians?
Wardley Reptile sticks are nutritionally balanced floating sticks that are great for turtles and all amphibians including frogs and newts.
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Registration
How do I register with Hartz.com?
To register with Hartz.com simply fill in a short form to indicate your personal information and pet interests. Your personal information will not be shared with others (see our Privacy Policy for details). Registration is free and you can elect to receive news on special offers, events, and announcements, plus information on the latest Hartz products and innovations.
What does it cost to register with Hartz.com?
Registering with Hartz.com is free.
What are the benefits of registration?
Registration is free and you can elect to receive news on special offers, events, and announcements, along with information on the latest Hartz products and innovations.
How can I change my Hartz.com registration?
Click here to change your Hartz.com registration.
Tip Exchange
What is a pet tip?
Pet tips are ideas sent to Hartz from our community of pet enthusiasts. Tips should target a specific problem/solution or point of interest when it comes to spending time with your pet. There are new themes for tips issued regularly. Hartz.com users are encouraged to send in text or video tips that fit into those themes.
What is a text tip?
Tips submitted to Hartz® Tip Exchange can be in one of two formats—text or video. Image files submitted with text tips must be in .JPG or .PNG file formats and no more than 10MB in size. Please note that copyright restrictions apply to all submitted tips. Please refer to the Terms of Use for more information.
What are acceptable file formats for tips?
Video files must be Windows Media Formats (.AVI, .WMV, .ASF), QuickTime Formats (.MOV, .QT) or MPEG Formats (.mpg, .mpeg, .mp4) and no more than 100MB in size. Image files submitted with text tips must be in .JPG or .PNG file formats and no more than 10MB in size.
What is a video tip?
Tips submitted to Hartz® Tip Exchange can be in one of two formats — text or video. Video files must be Windows Media Formats (.AVI, .WMV, .ASF), QuickTime Formats (.MOV, .QT) or MPEG Formats (.mpg, .mpeg, .mp4) and no more than 100MB in size. Please note that copyright restrictions apply to all submitted tips. Please refer to the Terms of Use for more information.
How do I upload a video?
Click the Browse button to locate a video file from your computer or a specified location and select OK to upload it. If you are having difficulty uploading the selected file, make sure it is in an acceptable format:
- Only Windows Media Formats (.AVI, .WMV, .ASF), QuickTime Formats (.MOV, .QT) or
- MPEG Formats (.mpg, .mpeg, .mp4) are acceptable.
- File size can not be bigger than 100MB.
- Please note that copyright restrictions apply to all submitted tips. Please refer to the Terms of Use for more information.
How to I upload an image?
Click the Browse button to locate an image file from your computer or a specified location and select OK to upload it. If you are having difficulty uploading the selected file, make sure it is in an acceptable format:
- Only PNG and JPG types are acceptable.
- File size can not be bigger than 10MB. Please note that copyright restrictions apply to all submitted tips. Please refer to the Terms of Use for more information.
When will my tip be posted?
Hartz reviews all tips submissions, but only the best of the ones received will be posted on Hartz.com. Please check the site regularly to see if your tip has been selected to appear in Hartz Tip Exchange.
What are the tip “themes”?
We know that pet enthusiasts like you have a lot of great ideas and videos that capture the many ways they enjoy time with their pets. Every 4 – 8 weeks, we channel that enthusiasm into particular areas by issuing one or more themes per pet type.
When you submit a tip to Hartz, you are required to select the corresponding theme for it. While we encourage all submissions, please make sure your tip is suited to a current theme, so that it can be considered for inclusion in Hartz Tip Exchange. Tips that do not match a current theme may be used for future themes, if applicable.